What is the Preparation and Stability of Calamine Suspension Free Essays

Introduction: Suspensions are solid dipersion of insoluble or sparingly-soluble drugs, in aqueous like keltrol or oily vehicles such as emulsion. Suspension are used for oral administration, external application to the skin (topical) or parenteral administration.These particles suspended into liquid medium do not dissolve but have dispersed in according to the particles size, and can settle to form to layer (drug layer/fluid medium) due to gravity(sedimentation). We will write a custom essay sample on What is the Preparation and Stability of Calamine Suspension? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to this reason Suspension agents are used to redistribute the suspension on shaking. In order for a drug to have impact the solid particles should not be greater than micrometers to aid in dispersion and absorption within the body and to avoid in creams a gritty effect.In this experiment we looked at calamine lotion suspension in which sodium citrate (preservative) and betonies are the suspension agents. (1,2) Method: 7.5g of calamine and 2,5g of zinc oxide was weighed and grinded in a pestle and mortar to a fine powder, 2.5ml of glycerin was added to this power mixture and grinded to a fine mixture which took roughly 2-5 minutes. The remaining residues of the glycerin within the cylinder were washed out with 6 5ml portions of water. This was transferred into a 50ml cylinder with the slurry from the mortar and made to bulk (50ml) with water. Clingfilm was used to wrap the top of the cylinder to prevent leaks while gently inverting the cylinder repeatedly until the product was homogenous. This was then placed on the bench and timer was started to record the volume of sediment and overall volume in ml. Results were tabulated. Discussion The results ands graph show that formula D sedimentation was the most rapid followed by formulae A It would have been expected that formula A would have the highest sedimentation rate due there not being any bentonite and sodium citrate present. Formula D is result is accurate this is due to errors. Comparing Formula B and I as both had 1.5g of one Flocculants in mixture, formula B which only contained bentonite, the sedimentation rate was slightly faster. Formula F which contained both, but bentonite is excess, this mixture had the slowest sedimentation rate A combination of the two flocculants shows to be the most effective Conclusion From the experiment we were able to achieve fairly good results, the results showed that bentonite and sodium citrate played a key role in the rate of sedimentation as it provided and maintained the viscosity of the suspension and the uniformity. Also we can also conclude that bentonite is also more effective that sodium citrate as a suspension agent. References: (1) http://pharmacy.wilkes.edu/kibbeweb/lab5.html date:14/03/11 (2) http://www.lumamericas.com/ date 14/03/11 How to cite What is the Preparation and Stability of Calamine Suspension?, Essay examples

Eggs free essay sample

Woods is a short poem about a young women growing up and how her relationship with her father and how her bitterness for him shaped her own relationship with her own child as she grew up and became a mother. The poem is dramatic and cleverly written in the voice of the woman herself. Her tone is serious and it is filled with antipathy. Diction is the foundation of this poem, and Susan Wood’s choice of words such as â€Å"hated† and â€Å"furious† emphasize the anger that brews within this young woman. Susan Wood’s uses the analogy of an egg to represent the fragile and somewhat hateful relationship between this father and daughter as well as her resentment of him. However, I believe that the young woman feels a bit guilty for hating her father: â€Å"And I hated my father, the one cock in the henhouse, who laid the plate on the table and made me eat, who told me not to get up until I was done, every bite. We will write a custom essay sample on Eggs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And I hated how I gagged and cried, day after day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines -6-13). She realizes the father works hard to put food on the table, and she should be grateful for that, but she just can’t let go of her the anger she carries within her â€Å"shell† for her father. She was angry that she was forced to eat the eggs that she didn’t like and if she didn’t eat them, she went to school hungry: â€Å"†¦I’d go off to school like that, again, hungry. † (lines 14-15). We soon realize that the young woman is carrying a secret of her own. She is pregnant, and is angry at herself and her unborn child: â€Å"I hated myself, hated the egg growing in secret deep inside my body, the secret about to be spilled to the world, and maybe I did. † (lines 19-22). We clearly see that when the young woman becomes a mother she finds herself treating her own child with the same anger and coldness that she received from her father.

Dave A Scandal In The White House Essays - Dave, Films,

Dave: A Scandal In The White House Dave: A Scandal in the White House The President of the United States is regarded as a leader and a role model to the nation. However, many people associate him with scandal and a bad reputation of dishonesty. Hollywood often portrays the role of the presidency in movies and television shows. Some of these portrayals are fictional, but some are accurate. Dave is a movie, starring Kevin Kline as the President and his double that shows a scandal in the White House. They are trying to show how the American people view the President and his actions. Dave shows the overall role that the President has with some accurate details and some glamorized ones of the presidency. Dave is a movie in which the Secret Service finds a double for the President who ends up acting as President while the real one is in a coma. Dave Kovich, the acting President, goes from being a person that finds jobs for people to being the President before he realizes what is going on. He assumes the duties of the President until the White House chief of staff, Bob Alexander, takes the scandal too far and Dave fires him. To cover up the scandal without getting caught, Dave pretends to have a stroke in order to switch the real president and allow the real Bill Mitchell to finally die and the Vice President to take over. The Vice President had not taken over before now because Bob Alexander was trying to get him kicked out of office by blaming him for a previous S & L scandal that he and the real President had actually done. Many of the events in the movie are accurate. The daily actions that Dave has as President show some of the tasks of the presidency. After taking over the job, Dave has to learn the members of the Cabinet and his staff. These are the people that he works with everyday to run the White House and the country, so he has to know who he is working with and what each of them do. He also had to learn about the budget and how to make cuts. He wants to save a bill that will help the homeless get funding, but there is not enough money in the budget. He works with all of the members of the Cabinet to make cuts in each of their departments to make room in the budget for the homeless shelters that he had visited with the First Lady, Sigourney Weaver. Dave is also taught about the branches of government and how the President interacts with each of the branches because he could not pretend to be the President without knowing how the Federal Government works. The movie shows the events that he did i n a typical day, such as visiting the homeless shelters, a factory, attending public functions with his wife, and holding press conferences. These real events needed to be portrayed to show the accuracy of the presidency that Hollywood is trying to portray. If the entire movie was fictional, the scandal of having a double for the President would not be believable, and many people would not watch the movie. Many actual Presidents of the United States and their were mentioned. This adds to the accuracy of the details of the role of the President that Dave is now playing. More of the events in Dave are inaccurate and could never actually happen in real life. Even though most of the routine events of his day were normal and actually occur, the way he became the President could never really happen. There are too many officials and secret service men that would find out what the Press Secretary and Chief of Staff are doing. According to the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, the Vice President would be acting President as soon as the real one went into a coma. The scandal that they pull off to try and frame the Vice President would not be able to keep him from being President in reality. Also, there would never be a person that looks enough like the President to mislead the entire nation in the first place.

Maia, Greek Nymph and Mother of Hermes

Maia, Greek Nymph and Mother of Hermes The Greek nymph Maia was  the  mother of Hermes (in Roman religion, he was called Mercury) with Zeus and was associated, by the Romans, with the goddess of spring, Maia Maiestas. Background and Personal Life A daughter of the Titan  Atlas  - he of the big muscles and carrying the world on his shoulders - and Pleione, Maia was one of the seven mountain nymphs known as  Pleiades  (Taygete, Elektra, Alkyone, Asterope, Kelaino, Maia, and Merope). Her sisters went on to marry some bigwigs in ancient Greece, but Maia snagged the biggest of them all - Zeus himself!   Her son  Hermes was proud of his heritage, saying in Euripides  Ion, Atlas, who wears away heaven, the ancient home of the gods, on his bronze shoulders, was the father of Maia  by a goddess; she bore me, Hermes, to great Zeus; and I am the gods servant. Although Zeus was already married to Hera, that didnt stop him from loving on nymphs and mortal women alike. He  and  Maia had a fling. In the, their affair is recounted: Ever she avoided the throng of the blessed gods and lived in a shadowy cave, and there the Son of Cronos [Zeus] used to lie with the rich-tressed nymph at dead of night, while white-armed Hera lay bound in sweet sleep: and neither deathless god nor mortal man knew it.   This  caused Maia to give birth to their precocious baby boy. She hid out from Hera in a cave on Mount Cyllene. In the Virgil has Aeneas mention, Mercury: Your sire is Mercury, whom long beforeOn cold Cyllenes top fair  Maia  bore.Maia  the fair, on fame if we rely,Was Atlas daughter, who sustains the sky. When I Grow Up... In Sophocles play  Trackers, the eponymous nymph of the mountain recounts how she took care of baby Hermes: This business is a secret even among the gods, so that no news of it may come to Hera.  Cyllene adds, You see, Zeus came secretly to Atlass house ... to the deep-girdled goddess  ... and in a cave begot a single son. I am bringing him up myself, for his mothers strength is shaken by sickness as if by a storm. Hermes grew up  really  fast. Cyllene marvels, He grows, day by day, in a very unusual way, and Im astounded and afraid. Its not even six days since he was born, and he already stands as tall as a young man. Half a day after his birth, he was already making music! The  Homeric Hymn (4) to Hermes  says, Born with the dawning, at mid-day he played on the lyre, and in the evening he stole the cattle of far-shooting Apollo on the fourth day of the month; for on that day queenly  Maia  bare him. How did Hermes steal Apollos oxen? The fourth Homeric Hymn recounts how the trickster was really into stealing his older half-brothers herds. He  picked up a  tortoise, scooped out its meat, and strung sheep gut across it to create the first lyre. Then, he cut off from the herd fifty loud-lowing kine, and drove them straggling-wise across a sandy place, turning their hoof-prints aside by sweeping them away. So he took fifty of Apollos best cows - and covered his tracks so the god couldnt find them! Hermes killed a cow and cooked up some  delicious steak, but when he came  home to Mama Maia, she wasnt too thrilled with his knavery. Hermes replied (no doubt in baby talk), Mother, why do you seek to frighten me like a feeble child whose heart knows few words of blame, a fearful babe that fears its mothers scolding? But he wasnt a baby, and Apollo soon  discovered his misdeeds. Baby Hermes tried to fake sleep, but Apollo wasnt fooled. Apollo brought the baby before Zeus - a tribunal of their dad! Zeus forced Hermes to show Apollo where the cows were hidden. In fact, the infant deity was so charming that Apollo decided to give his domain as lords of herdsmen   - and all his cattle - to Hermes. In exchange, Hermes gave Apollo the lyre hed invented - and thus lordship over music. -Edited by Carly Silver

Art presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Art presentation - Essay Example The Baroque period incorporates artistic works that is based upon catholic and protestant lines. On the other hand, Rococo art mainly focused on the pleasures and interests of the artists rather than events happening around them. Bernini is a renowned artist during this Baroque era and bases his works across Italy. He dominated the art world of Rome in the seventeenth century and received special treatments from the popes, as well as cardinals. He also confronted the contemporary artistic traditions that existed during the era. One of his most creative artwork is The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa. This work involves intense Christian art and is one of the most illustrated artwork that exemplifies spiritual aspects of the Catholic faith. The sculpture has two figures; Teresa and an angel, standing slightly above her pointing a golden spear towards Teresa’s heart. Bernini uses a very rare form to illustrate Teresa’s religious ecstasy when the angel appeared to her with a golden spear. He uses this to illustrate the intense satisfaction and desire in which God had favored her. He also expresses pain that accompanies her favor and intense desire for God’s consent. Bernini emphasizes on her erotic euphoria by displaying her open mouth and closed eyes. He also does this by hanging her limbs. The movement and drama of the sculpture is illustrated by the heavy and tangled fabric of her clothes even though the purity portrayed in her face largely contrasts with the fabric texture. The angel seems to be happily staring at Teresa as he waits to pierce her heart using the spear of divine love. This sculpture illustrates the spiritual pleasure that the saints experience in serving Christ. The imagery employed by Bernini in The Ecstasy of Saint Theresaillustrates the sensual pleasure in a way that conveys the perceptible nature of Teresa’s experience. Baroque art era also dominated across Flanders and Spain. This period is characterized by the breaking of the Lowland

Analytical chemistry assignment 12 questions Essay

Analytical chemistry assignment 12 questions - Essay Example In other cases, the matrix can constitute the interferent, which alters the results of the chemical analysis procedure. The accuracy of a chemical measurement explains how close the results obtained are to the true value. It is essential to establish the accuracy of a chemical measurement before interpreting the results obtained from the measurement. To determine the accuracy of an analytical measurement, one is required to calibrate it with a known standard. For instance, you can determine the accuracy of a weighing scale by comparing it with a fully functional one. Calibration refers to the process of comparing two measurements or methods whereby one is of a known magnitude or accuracy, made using a standard device or procedure and the other made in as alike a way as possible using a second device or method. The second device or method is usually referred to as the unit under test. To calibrate an analytical method, one needs to compare the results of the measurement to a set standard and making adjustments as required. The steps involved in making a chemical measurement include: selection of an analytical method, sample collection, sample processing, elimination of interferences, measurement, and calculation of results and estimation of the reliability of the results. To collect toxic fumes from a room, a known volume of the contaminated air is drawn through a glass fibre filter. The sample is then desorbed using the appropriate chemical substance and then analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionisation detector. Care should be observed to avoid inhalation of the fumes during the collection and analysis process. Urine collection methods vary depending on the analyte being tested. Drugs differ in the way in which they are metabolized in the body, including the components that are excreted through the urine. Depending on the analyte being investigated, urine samples can be collected during different times to

BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS - Essay Example It is of high importance to mention that the better levels of technology powered connectivity are resulting in the successful diffusion of various global trends, which emerges from various markets around the world. Because of faster evolution of the globalized trends, it can be said that the consumers are getting more and more aware of their needs and wants. It also has to be said that the better connectivity is helping the rapid dispersion of global trends from the well established markets to the emerging markets, thereby creating the opportunity for development of consumer demands. This entire cycle of increasing in consumer demand is having a direct impact on the part of the consumers in a circular manner. Faced by growing domestic demands in the marketplace, multiple companies located in various markets around the world are increasingly trying their level best to enter the new markets as they promote significant amount of business opportunity As a result, a major shift of power balances is happening in the markets from the sellers to the buyers. The shift is more happening because of the large number of alternatives that are being currently made available in the market. This has brought the focus on communicating the value of the products to the right set of consumers. While doing so, the companies and business organizations focus on the process of usage of celebrity endorsers. The buying process is in general bifurcated into three phases, that is, ‘pre-purchase’, ‘purchase’ as well as ‘post-purchase’ (Rayport & Jaworski, 2003, p. 119). The decision making process of the consumers comprises of need recognition, search for information, alternative evaluation, purchase as well as post purchase analysis (Lamb and et.al, 2011, p. 189). With the rise of competition in the modern business world, marketing communication has become vibrant and filled with endorsements. As a result, it has become very challenging for brands to get noticed by the